Phenolic condensation product article and method of manufacture



L. V. REDMAN, A. J. WEITH, AND F. P. BROCK.

PHENOLIC CONDENSATION PRODUCT ARTICLE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- s. 1921.

1 ,424g738. I Patented Aug. 1, 1922.

Ytion product, which is now known on the moderate cost.

.articles formed therefrom. In the drawthat the fusible plates each consisting of infusible phenolic a solution which v condensation. product, the plates being of of the phenollc I'eSm n l 60 P r nt invention. I 0

UNITED sures. ATEMI OFFICE.

LAWRENCE v. REDMAN, ARCHIE J. WEITH, ND FRANK I'fgnnoox, or EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS T0 REDMANOL' CHEMICAL PRODUCTS COMPANY, :01 CHI- oaeo, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION 01 WEST V RGINIA. I

IIIENoLIo coNDENs ATIoN rzaonuo'r ARTICLE AND E'rHoD or MANUFACTURE.

1,424,738. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented A 1 1922. Application filed September 8, 921. Serial No. 499,21a.

' pale lemon color; a plate 2 united to the end of the plate 1, the plate 2 being a relatively thin plate and of a different color from the plate 1, such as opaque white; and nois, ARCHIE J. VVEITH and FRANK P. a plate 3, united to the plate 2, the plate 3 BROOK, citizens of the United States, residbeing of a still different color, such as black. ing, respectively, at Evanston, in the county In t e llustration given, the slab shown 1n of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented F 1g. 1 1s so designed that the portion 1 is a new and useful Improvement in Phenolic adapted to form the stem portion of a ciga- Condensation Product Articles and Methrette-holder, the plate 3 is adapted to form To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LAWRENCE V. RED- MAN, a citizen of Canada, residing at Evanston, in the county of Cook and State of Illiods of Manufacture, of which the following the portion which provides the socket for. vis a specification.

. I the cigarette, and the plate 2 is in the nature This invention relates particularly to the of an lnsert plate. -The sides of the plate 1 manufacture of phenolic condensation prodare preferably made convergent or tapering uct articles, such as cigar-holders, cigaretteto conserve material. The slab may be cut holders, pipe and pipe parts,.or other arti- 0r sawed into sections along the planes of cles which are manufactured from an inthe dotted l1nes,'as indicated at 4, the sec fusible, and for practical purposes made tlons thus obtained being adapted to be substantially insoluble, phenolic condensaturne drilled or bored to fasten them into tion product. I cigarette-holders, for example.

The primary object is to provide an easily The method of uniting the plates, strips practiced and cheap method' of manufacor blocks of. different colored phenolic conturing phenolic condensationproduct artidensation product is preferably as follows: cles, employing in such manufacture infusi ble phenolic ent colors. I

A' further object is to provide articles of this. character which are of improved appearance and which can be condensation products of difi'erwhich are adapted to abut against each other. For example, the plate 1 has a fiat and substantially smooth vend surface, and the-plate 2 has a corres onding side surface manufactured atwhich reststhereon. imilarly, the plates 2 and 3 have flat surfaces which abut against each other. .The preferred method of uniting the surfaces is to coat such surfaces with a solution of fusible phenolic condensation Theinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing and will be described withreference thereto. TheL drawing illustrates a slab or plate of material made by uniting plates of infusible phenolic condensation body, suchas hexamethylenetetramine or product of difi'erentcolors, andillustrates formaldehyde, the proportions being such i g uct will, under the influence of heat, be con- F ig.'1 represents a perspective view of a verted to an infusible and substantially inslab of material comprising a plurality of soluble product.

contains about 40 per cent different color and united together; Fig. 2, of a-suitable solvent, such as alcohol, ac n .a view of a cigarette-holder formed from a or a mixture thereof.

Phenolic condensation products now in section cut from the slab shown in Fig. '1; r Fig. 3, a view of a pipe made in accordance use for making cigarette-holders, cigarwith the invention; and, Fig. 4, a view holders, pipe-stems and the like are infusible cigarette-holder made in accordance with'the and are known. as substantially .insoluble.

v I v They are the final condensation products but Figs 1 shows a slab 'ofmaterial comprisnot ofthe hardest and most resistant char ing a plate 1 of infusible phenolic condensacompounded with about 6 mols. of phenol market as substantially insoluble, this plate being of a given color, suchasamber, or condensation product; Also, equal volumes product made from phenol and a methylene.

phenolic condensation prod acter. One mol.-of hexamethylenetetramine will yield a very hard and resistant phen olic The plates are provided with flat surfaces It ispreferred to employ of henol and a 40 per cent solution of forma dehyde will yield under proper process of manufacture, a hard and resistant product. In other words, one phenol and an ac- 'tive methylene body are condensed in the proportions of one methylene group to one phenol group, or, if there be a slight excess of methylene, a very hard, inert and chemically resistant product results. To facilitate the manufacture of cigarette-holders and the like, or to enable the phenolic condensation product to be properly Worked, it isdesirable to employ a slight excess of phenol. For example, where the methylene body employed is hexamethylenetetramine, it is desirable to employ 6.2 mols. of phenol to 1 mol. of hexamethylenetetramine. Such a.

product is preferably employed in the pres? ent process; and it is desirable to. employ in the varnish used for uniting the plates of phenolic condensation product a fusible resin produced by compounding phenol and an active methylene body in such proportions as to furnish a larger percentage of methylene than is present in the plates pf the phenolic condensation productwemployed. For example,'where the plates are made from phenol and hexamethylenetetramine in the proportions of one mol. of hexamethylenetetramine to 6.2 mols. of phenol, it is desirable that the varnish em loyed is made from the same materials and s all correspond with about one mol. of hexamethylenetetramine to 5.9 mols. of phenol.

In other words, it is desirable that the percentage of methylenes shall be greater in the varnish and it is desirable that there shall be some excess of methylenes over the proportions theoretically called for in the uniting of phenol and the methylene body.

The precise method of-uniting theplates, which is the preferred, is as follows:

Coat the surfaces which are to be united with a 40 per cent solution of phenolic con densation product resin; allow t e surfaces to dry somewhat in the air until the solvent pretty largely disappearspand then clam the plates together securely and subject t em to a tern erature of about 125 C. for a-period of a out 19 hours. This re- A sults in uniting or bonding the plates securely together, the phenolic condensation product resin employed in the varnish being, in this operation, converted to the infusible and substantially insoluble state.

The solvent in the varnish acts to soften A the surfaces of the plates, the resin of the varnish enters the interstices between the surface. particles of the plates, and the baking operation'hardens the'materials at the 'oints into an' infusible and substantially insoluble state. Indeed,the slight excess of methylenes insures the conversion of the resin of the varnish into the hardest and ,65 most inert condition, and also insures the united surfaces provide such thin films ofthe very hard material as to not interfere With theworkingof the slab as a whole when it becomes necessary to saw the slab into sections and work the sections into finished articles.

Figure 2 illustrates a cigarette-holder made from a section out from the slab shown in Fig. 1. 1 represents the stem and bit of the holder; 2 represents the insert portion; and 3 represents the tip of the holder.

In Fig. 3 is illustrated a pipe made of sections 4, 5 and 6 of the phenolic condensation products of different colors, and a section 7 of wood. The section 4 furnishes the bit of the pipe-stem; the section 6 furnishes the other main section of the pipe-stem and the base. for the bowl; and the section 5 furnishes an insert section between the sections .4 and 6.. .The section 5- is united or welded to the section 6 in the manner described above. The section 1 is illustrated as of amber color, the section 5 of black color; and the section 6 of cloudy amber color. The bowl section 7 is detachable from the base portion of the bowl, and the bit-section 4 is detachable from the section 5. Thus, the section 4 is shown provided with a threaded reduced extension 4 which screws into a threaded socket in the section 5, the section 5 being of black color effectually as well as the threaded connection. Thus, the pipe may be separated for cleansing purposes, but presents a\pleasing appearance.

In Fig. 4 is represented a cigarette-holder comprising a section 8 of cloudy amber color, asection 9 of ruby red color, a section 10 of emerald green color, a section 11 of opaque white color; and a bit-section 12 of light amber color. These sectionsare united in the. manner described. with reference to Fig. 1, and the slab, or a section thereof, is turned, drilled and bored to produce the cigarette-holder.

The-improved method lends itself to a great Variety of modifications in producing ,threading of parts and screwing them together. This is objectionable, both because the method is expensive and because the threads are not hardened where the materials are transparent or semi-transparent.

The invention is a very desirable one for use in the manufacture of cigarette-holders,

' resin may be employs cigar-holders and pipes. It may be used advantageously in the manufacture of other articles, however, where phenolic condensation products are employed in such manufacture. Y 1

While it is preferred to employ, as a bonding agent, a varnish lacquer composed of about 40 per cent of a phenolic condensation product and about 60 per cent of a suitable solvent, the procedure may be varied. Using a 40 er cent solution, one application to each sur ace is suflicient for ordinary pur-' poses. A solution employing a higher percentage of the resin may be employed, but it is not desirable to go above a 50 per cent solution, if the method set forth above be followed. It is desirable to employ a sufficient amount of the solvent to insure the softening of the surfaces of the plates which are tobe united. If desired, a solution employing a considerably less percentage of For example, a 25 per cent solution may be emplo ed, in which case it will be desirable to ma e more than one application of the solution. If the surfaces which are to be united are preparato-- rily softened by means of a solvent, one may then employ a thicker varnish or lacquer; or

"one .may then sift onto the softened surfaces a fusible phenolic condensation prodduct which is in pulverulent form. In any case, the plates or parts which are to be united should then be clamped together under considerable pressure and'sub'ected to heat treatment to convert the bon ing agent to theinfusible state. The heat treatment may vary greatly. For exam le, should the temperature employed be re uced below 100 (1., it would be desirable to increase the-baking period correspondingly. j

' Variegated efie ts may be produced by dovetailing the pl tes of different colors together. Inany casefhowever, it is desirable that the surfaces which' are to be united should conform'to each other and be substantially smooth,

In accordancewith the improved method,- manufacturers ofphenolic condensation products engaged in manufacturing. plates or blocks of such condensation products for the manufacturing trade may supply composite slabs, blocks or strips comprising united sections of different colors, such as slabs, blocks, or the like, capable of being sawed, cut, turned, drilled, boredand polished in precisely the same manner as are .slabs or blocksinitially-formed integrall In other words, the com osite slab or block may be treated in exact y the same manner as slabs or blocks composed of a single material. A condensation product of the character here referred to 1s usually prepared without the use of a filler, being either of a transparent, semi-transparent, semi-opaque or opaque character, practically a pure constate. a i 4. The method of uniting the sections ofinfusible and substantially insoluble phenolic densation product being employed, but a transparent pieces be joined together, the

resultant article will have the appearance of transparent yellow amber when the rays of light travel through it to the eye in a line parallel with the glued surface and the same article will have the appeaarnce of green amber when observed as the light travels through it in a line at right angles to the glued surface. In this way the transparent zmaterial can be; given a two colored effect or more, such as yellow and green, or re and purple, or transparent amber and opaque gold. Y The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations shoul be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly as permissible in view of the prior art.

' What we regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- I 1. The method of uniting sections of infusible and substantially insoluble phenolic condensation products, which comprises subj ecting the surfaces which are to be united to the action of a solvent and roviding at said surfaces a .ifusible 'pheno ic condensation product, and subf'ecting theplates to'the ac-f tion of heat' whi e' the surfaces to be united are in contact, and-thus converting the fusi-r 'ble product to an infusible state.

2; The method of uniting sections of infusible and substantially insoluble phenolic condensation products, which comprises ap-. Y

plyingthe solution of a fusible phenolic con densation product to the surfaces to be" united, clamping the sections together, and

subjecting the clamped sections to the action l of heat. O a

3. The method of uniting sections of infusible and substantially'insoluble phenolic condensation products, which comprises applying the solution of a fusible phenolic condensation product to the surfaces to be united, clamping the sections together and subjecting the clamped sections to'the action of heat until the fusible phenolic condensation condensation products, which comprises a'p- PI'OdllOt is converted the infusible plying to the surfaces to be united a solution 9. The method of forming a cigaretteof a fusible phenolic condensation product holder, cigar-holder, p pe-stem, or the like, which is capable of being converted to an inwhich comprises bondin together sections fusible condition by the application of heat, of nfusible and substantially insoluble phecausing the solvent of such solution to benolic condensation products by introducing come dissipated, clamping the sections tobetween said sections a fusible phenolic congether, and subjecting the clamped sections densation product and converting the same to the action of heat. to an infusible state, and then tooling the 5. The method of forming a slab compriscomposite body to form the desired article. ing sections of infusible phenolic condensae method of producing a cigarettetion products of different colors, which h lder, a c gar-holder, or pipe-stein comcomprises preparing infusible and substanpl'lslng sections of different colors, Whlch tially insoluble phenolic condensation prodcomprises uniting sections of nfusible and nets of different colors by effecting condensubstantlally I l le phenolic condensasation of phenols and an active methylene l n products possessing different colors by body and introducin the desired colors dur- SO tBIung the E fl to be unlted, 1I1- ing the process of manufacture thereof, troducing a fusible phenol1c condensation softening the surfaces of the sections of such Prod-11Ct between Sald surfaes subiectlng phenolio condensation products by the the COII'IPOSltG body t0 the action 0f heat f0! plication of a solvent and providing at t e a pr g p d the Surfaces to be surfaces to be united a fusible phenolic conunlted are held In lnillmate medy nd d ti d t bl f b i tooling the composite body as an integral verted to an infusible and substantially iny o form t deslred r i l soluble state, clamping the sections together, A pp y P g s p ately and subjecting the clamped sections to th formed sections of infusible and substanaction of heat, tially insoluble phenolic condensation prod- 6. Themethod of manufacturing acomposucts united by a bonding agent comprising ite slab of infusible and substantially in- 5113119110110 Conde sation product. soluble phenolic condensation products of i 12- composite body comprising sections different colors, which comprises effecting of an infusible and substantially insoluble condensation. of a phenolic body and a condensation products, said sections possessmethylene body in the presence of a suitable 111g different colors, united by a bonding coloring agent for each of the several secagent comprising a phenollc condensation tions, applying to the surfaces of the secproduct. tions which are to be united a fusible the 13- A composite body comprising sections nolic condensation product and a, solvent Of an infusible and substantially insoluble adapted to soften the surfaces of theoseccondensation products, said sections possesstions, clamping the sections together and ing different colors, united by a bonding subjecting the clamped sec ions to the action agent introduced between the sections as a of heat. fusible phenolic condensation product and 7. The method of manufacturing a comconverted by heat, while the sections are posite slab of infusible and substantially inheld in intimate contact, to an infusible soluble phenolic condensation products of condition, 7 different colors, which comprises effecting 14. An "articleysuch as a cigarette-holder, condensation of a phenolic body and a cigar-holder or pipe-stem, comprising secmethylene body in the presence of a suitabletions of infusible and substantially insoluble coloring agent, for each of the several secphenolic condensation products, said sections tions, applying to the surfaces of the secbeing of different colors, united together by tions which are to be united a solution of a a bonding agent comprising a phenolic confusible phenolic condensation product, disdensation product, the composite body being sipating the solvent, and uniting the secsuitably formed for the uniting of said sections by the application of heatand prestions. u sure. 15. The process of forming a composite 8. The method of forming a composite body of the character set forth which comarticle composed of preparatorily manuprises preparatorily manufacturing sections factured sections of infusible and substanof infusible and substantially insoluble phetially insoluble phenolic condensation prodnolic condensation products, possessing a ucts, which comprises: introducing between slight excess of phenol, softening the sursaid sections a fusible phenolic condensation faces of said sections by the application of product capable of being converted to an a solvent and introducinga fusible phenolic infusible and substantially insoluble stamp-"condensation product between the surfaces clamping said sections together and subjectto be united, and subjecting the sections to ing them tothe action of heat, and then toolthe action of heat While the surfaces to be ing the composite body to form the desired united are held in intimate contact by suitarticle. able pressure. I

16. The method of forming a composite body of the character set forth, which com prises preparatorily manufacturing sections" of infusible and substantially insoluble phe- 5 nolic condensation products, said sections being of. diiferent colors and having an ex-.

cess of'phenol therein, applying a solvent to the surfaces to be united and introducing a intimate contact under suitable pressure.

LAWRENCE v. REDMAN. ARCHIE J. WEITH. FRANK P. BROOK. 

